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APPENDIX A—TEMPLATE
SUMMARY
TITLE
Category - In which broad category does this
building block fit?
Building
Awareness and Public Support
Building
Capacity for Lead Safety
Collaborations,
Partnerships, and Incentives
Financing
and Subsidies
Lead
Safety and Healthy Homes Standards
Targeting
High-Risk Homes
Using
Code Enforcement and Other Systems
PRIMARY
ACTOR(S) AND KEY PARTNERS - Who
must be at the table (or in the field)?
Health Department
Inspection, Code, or Building Agency
Housing/Community Development Agency
Property Taxation Agency
Human Services/Welfare/Medicaid Agency
City/County Solicitors, Prosecutors, Judges
Other Agencies
(e.g. Water Bureau, EMT, Fire, Police, School District, Child Welfare)
Federal Agencies
Community-based Organizations
Property Owners
Tenants
Laborers (e.g. Contractors, Day Workers, Painters)
Retail Stores, Suppliers, Manufacturers
Service Providers (e.g. physicians, day care providers, hospitals,
utility companies)
General Public
and Consumers (e.g. parents, homebuyers, volunteers, etc.)
DESCRIPTION
OF THE STRATEGY
SUmmARY
DISCUSSION OF Potential Applications and Benefits
o
Immediate/Direct Results
o
Public Health Benefits
o
Other Indirect/Collateral Benefits
o
Scope of Potential Impact
Statewide
Regional (e.g. multi-county)
City- or County-Wide
Neighborhood/Community
Specific (Targeted) Population
Critical Elements
o
Staff requirements: Number of FTEs
o
Other resource requirements: Equipment,
Data, etc.
o
Institutional capacity required: Statutory Authority,
Training, Accreditation, etc.
o
Cost considerations: Cost-effectiveness
o
Timing issues: Timeline to Implement; Duration;
Seasonal or Cyclical Factors, etc.
o
Feasibility of Implementation
Potential
Obstacles/Barriers that might prohibit or limit the realization of this
strategy
Illustration of
STRATEGY in Practice
(Maximum one page for each illustration)
Jurisdiction or Target Area:
Agency/Organization Name of Primary Actor:
Outline for
Narrative
o Scope and
particulars of the strategy: applicability; what/where/who/when;
essential regulations, statutes, or other policies; dedicated funding or budget
authority
o Staffing
utilized: Number
of FTE staff, needed credentials
o Other
resources utilized: Equipment, data, etc.
o Magnitude of
actual impact: number of families/homes benefiting; relative to need or
eligible universe; total and unit-level $
o Factors
essential to implementation (e.g. partnerships, policies)
o Limitations/challenges/problems
encountered
o Potential
for replication (optional if relevant content covered above)
Agency/Organization Name of Secondary Actor(s):
Contact for
Specific Information
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Contact
# 1
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Contact #2 (if there is one)
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Name
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Title
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Telephone
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Email
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References for additional information (citations
of related regulations, statutes, codes; web site; documents, etc.):
APPENDIX B—AGENCIES and
ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDED in ILLUSTRATIONS
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Primary Actor
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Building Block
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California
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California State Board of
Equalization; California State Department of Health Services/California
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch
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Impose
Taxes or Fees on Polluters
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California
(Alameda County)
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Alameda County Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
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Hold
Regular Lead-Safe Work Practices Trainings
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California
(Alameda County)
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California
(Alameda and Fresno counties)
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California
(Los Angeles)
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Department of Housing
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Secure
Dedicated Funding for Code Enforcement
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California
(Los Angeles)
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Los Angeles Healthy Homes Collaborative
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Organize
“Toxic Tours” for Policy Makers
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California
(Los Angeles)
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Los Angeles Housing Department, Code Enforcement Bureau
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California
(Los Angeles)
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Neighborhood Knowledge Los Angeles
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Utilize
Early Warning Systems for Deteriorating Properties
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California
(National City)
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Environmental Health Coalition (EHC) and the Building and Safety
Department
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Teach
Code Inspectors about Lead Safety through Joint Visits
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California
(San Francisco)
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San Francisco Department of Public Health, Children’s
Environmental Health Promotion Program
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Notify
All Residents in a Building Found to Contain Lead Hazards
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California
(San Francisco)
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San Francisco Department of Public Health, Childhood Lead Prevention
Program (CLPP)
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Require Agencies to Disseminate Lead Poisoning Prevention
Information
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California
(San Francisco)
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San Francisco Dept. of Building Inspection
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Make
the Most of Fines and Penalties
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Connecticut
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Connecticut
Department of Social Services
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Home
Assessments and Early Interventions for Families Served by Medicaid
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Connecticut
(Hartford)
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Connecticut Citizens Research Group
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Inform
Landlords of Federal Lead Hazard Disclosure Requirements
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Connecticut
(Manchester)
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Department of Health, Lead Abatement Project; Code Enforcement
Unit
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Make
Lead Hazards a Violation of the Housing or Health Code
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Connecticut
(Manchester)
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Illinois
(Chicago)
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Chicago Department of Public Health
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Report
Problem Landlords to HUD and EPA for Disclosure Enforcement
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Illinois
(Chicago)
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Illinois
(Kankakee)
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Indiana
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Division of Family and Children, Housing and Community Service
in the Department of Family and Social Services Agency
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Adding
Lead Safety to Weatherization and Training Programs
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Indiana
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Improving Kids’ Environment (IKE) and the Lead-Safe Indiana Task
Force
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Publicize
Restrictions on Unsafe Remodeling and Renovation
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Indiana
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Indiana Department of Environmental Management
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Share
Risk Assessment and Lead Sampling Services
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Indiana
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Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) &
Family and Social Service Administration (FSSA) – Child Care Health Section
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Incentives
for Lead Safety in Child-Care Facilities
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Indiana
(Indianapolis)
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Office of the Mayor
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Publicize
Problem Property Owners
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Indiana
(Indianapolis/Marion County)
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Iowa
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Iowa
Department of Public Health Bureau of Lead Poisoning Prevention
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Broadcast
Lead Safety Training Widely
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Iowa
(Dubuque)
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Louisiana
(New Orleans)
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Health
Department and Department
of Safety and Permits
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Require
Safe Work Practices During Remodeling, Repair, and Painting
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Maine
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Maine Department of Human Services
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Perform
Building-Wide Hazard Assessments in Multi-Unit Buildings Following
Identification of Lead Hazards in One Troubled Unit
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Maryland
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Coalition to End Childhood Lead Poisoning
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Establish
a Lead-Safe Housing Registry
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Maryland
(Baltimore)
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Baltimore City Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation
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Provide
Local Property Tax Credits
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Massachusetts
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Massachusetts
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Department of Public Health, Childhood Lead
Poisoning Prevention Program
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Screening
Homes During Code Inspection
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Massachusetts
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Dept. of Public Health, Childhood
Lead Poisoning Prevention Program; Dept. of Labor and Industries; Div. of
Professional Licensure; Div. of Banks; Div. of Insurance
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Impose
Fees on Real Estate Transactions and Related Professional Licenses
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Massachusetts
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MassHousing
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Establish
a Revolving Fund to Stretch Dollars
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Massachusetts
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Department of Revenue
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Offer
an Income Tax Credit for Abatement
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Illinois
(Kankakee)
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Indiana
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Division of Family and Children, Housing and Community Service
in the Department of Family and Social Services Agency
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Adding
Lead Safety to Weatherization and Training Programs
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Indiana
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Improving Kids’ Environment (IKE) and the Lead-Safe Indiana Task
Force
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Publicize
Restrictions on Unsafe Remodeling and Renovation
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Indiana
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Indiana Department of Environmental Management
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Share
Risk Assessment and Lead Sampling Services
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Indiana
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Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) &
Family and Social Service Administration (FSSA) – Child Care Health Section
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Incentives
for Lead Safety in Child-Care Facilities
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Indiana
(Indianapolis)
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Office of the Mayor
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Publicize
Problem Property Owners
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Indiana
(Indianapolis/Marion County)
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Iowa
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Iowa
Department of Public Health Bureau of Lead Poisoning Prevention
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Broadcast
Lead Safety Training Widely
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Iowa
(Dubuque)
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Louisiana
(New Orleans)
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Health
Department and Department
of Safety and Permits
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Require
Safe Work Practices During Remodeling, Repair, and Painting
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Maine
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Maine Department of Human Services
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Perform
Building-Wide Hazard Assessments in Multi-Unit Buildings Following
Identification of Lead Hazards in One Troubled Unit
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Maryland
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Coalition to End Childhood Lead Poisoning
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Establish
a Lead-Safe Housing Registry
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Maryland
(Baltimore)
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Baltimore City Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation
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Provide
Local Property Tax Credits
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Massachusetts
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Massachusetts
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Department of Public Health, Childhood Lead
Poisoning Prevention Program
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Screening
Homes During Code Inspection
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Massachusetts
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Dept. of Public Health, Childhood
Lead Poisoning Prevention Program; Dept. of Labor and Industries; Div. of
Professional Licensure; Div. of Banks; Div. of Insurance
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Impose
Fees on Real Estate Transactions and Related Professional Licenses
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Massachusetts
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MassHousing
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Establish
a Revolving Fund to Stretch Dollars
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Massachusetts
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Department of Revenue
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Offer
an Income Tax Credit for Abatement
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Michigan
(Detroit)
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Detroit Free Press
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Use
Investigative Journalism to Reveal the Dimensions of the Problem and Policy
Shortcomings
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Minnesota
(Minneapolis)
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Project 504
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Enable
Tenants and Community-Based Organizations to Take Action to Address
Substandard Housing Conditions
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Minnesota
(Minneapolis)
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Project 504
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Inform
Landlords of Federal Lead Hazard Disclosure Requirements
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Minnesota
(Minneapolis and Hennepin County)
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Greater Minneapolis Day Care Association
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Collaborations
for Lead-Safe Renovations at Home-Based Child-Care Providers
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Minnesota
(Ramsey County)
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Minnesota
(Ramsey County)
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Missouri
(St. Louis)
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St. Louis Affordable Housing Commission
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Create
a Housing Trust Fund
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New
Hampshire
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New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Office of
Community and Public Health, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
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Attaching
Lead Hazard Reduction Order to Property Deed
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New
Hampshire (Manchester)
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The Way Home/Healthy Homes Services
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Train
and Employ Low-Income Community Residents in Hazard Control
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New
Jersey
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Bureau
of Housing Inspection
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Require
Rental Registration/Licensing
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New
Jersey
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Department of Community Affairs, Division of Codes and
Standards, Bureau of Housing Inspection
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Secure
Dedicated Funding for Code Enforcement
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New
Jersey
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New
Jersey (Newark)
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New
York
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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
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Access
Electric Utility Public Benefit Funds
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New
York (Brooklyn)
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Pratt Area Community Council
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Use Data from Community Home Hazard Investigations to
Advocate for Policy Solutions
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New
York (New York City)
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New York Public Interest Research Group (NYPIRG) and the New
York City Coalition to End Lead Poisoning (NYCCELP)
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Analyze
and Publicize Data to Facilitate Improved Policies
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New
York (Rochester)
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Orchard Street Community Health Center’s Get The Lead Out
Project
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Create
a “Demonstration Home” to Education Policy Makers and the Public
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North
Carolina (Greensboro)
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North
Carolina (Greensboro)
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Greensboro Housing Coalition
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Inform
Landlords of Federal Lead Hazard Disclosure Requirements
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North
Carolina (Greensboro)
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Greensboro Engineering & Inspections Department
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Preclude
Owners from Renting Units that have been Cited for Hazards
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North
Carolina (Rocky Mount)
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Rocky Mount Planning and Development Department
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Ensure
that Do-It-Yourself Rehabbers are Trained
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Ohio
(Cleveland)
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Cleveland Department of Public Health
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Inform
Landlords of Federal Lead Hazard Disclosure Requirements
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Ohio
(Cleveland)
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Cleveland Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP)
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Adopt
State and Local Lead Hazard Disclosure Laws
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Ohio
(Mahoning County)
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Mahoning County Lead Hazard Control Program
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Leverage
Community Reinvestment Act for Lead Safety and Healthy Homes
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Ohio
(Montgomery County)
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Montgomery County Community Development Office
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Establish
a Lead-Safe Housing Registry
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Pennsylvania
(Philadelphia)
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City of Philadelphia Law Department; Court of Common Pleas;
Department of Health’s Inspections and Enforcement Division, Childhood Lead
Poisoning Prevention Program
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Create
a Special Lead Court
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Pennsylvania
(Philadelphia)
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Philadelphia Citizens for Children and Youth, Philadelphia Dept.
of Health’s Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
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Analyze
and Publicize Data to Facilitate Improved Policies
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Pennsylvania
(Philadelphia)
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City of Philadelphia Law Department, Health and Adult Services
Unit
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Abate
Lead Hazards and Recover Costs When Owners Fail to Act
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Pennsylvania
(Pittsburgh/Allegheny County)
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Rhode
Island
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Childhood Lead Action Project
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Report
Problem Landlords to HUD and EPA for Disclosure Enforcement
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Rhode
Island
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Rhode Island Attorney General
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Hold
Accountable Companies that have Contributed to the Problem
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Rhode
Island
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Housing Resources Commission
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Provide
Technical Assistance to Property Owners
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Rhode
Island
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Rhode Island Department of Health
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Train
Painters, Remodelers, and Maintenance Staff in Lead-Safe Work Practices
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Rhode
Island
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Rhode Island Department of Health Childhood Lead Poisoning
Prevention Program
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Capitalize
on Home Nursing Visits to Target Prevention Services
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Rhode
Island
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Providence Journal
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Use
Investigative Journalism to Reveal the Dimensions of the Problem and Policy
Shortcomings
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Vermont
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Vermont
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Vermont Department of Health, Childhood Lead Poisoning
Prevention Program (CLPPP) and Vermont Social and Rehabilitative Services,
Child Care Services Division.
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Ensuring
Lead Safety in Licensed Child-Care Programs
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Vermont
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Vermont
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Vermont Housing and Conservation Board
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Require
Property Owners to Inform Tenants How to Report Deteriorating Paint
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Washington
(King County)
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American Lung Association of Washington
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Assess
and Address Multiple Hazards Simultaneously
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Wisconsin
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WI Department of Health and Family Services, Childhood Lead
Poisoning Prevention Program
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Consolidate
and Analyze Data to Highlight Lead Poisoning “Hot Spots”
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Wisconsin
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Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, Childhood
Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
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Capitalize
on Home Nursing Visits to Target Prevention Services
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Wisconsin
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Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, Childhood
Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
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Establish
a Lead-Safe Housing Registry
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Wisconsin
(Milwaukee)
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Milwaukee Health Department
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Deploy
Enforcement Orders and Grant Incentives in Tandem
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APPENDIX C—LOCATIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
CAP—Community Action Program or Agency
CBO—Community-based Organization
CDBG—Community Development Block Grant program
CDC—U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEHRC—Community Environmental Health Resource Center
CLPPP—Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
CME—Continuing Medical Education
DOJ—U.S. Department of Justice
EBL—Elevated blood lead level
EPA—U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FOIA—Freedom of Information Act
FTE—Full-time equivalent
GIS—Geographic Information Systems
HIPAA—Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act of 1996
HUD—U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
ICC—International Code Council
LIHEAP—Low-Income Heating Energy Assistance Program
LPPP—Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
LST—Lead sampling technician
LSWP—Lead-safe work practices
NCHH—National Center for Healthy Housing
NIEHS—National Institute for Environmental Health
Sciences
OHHLHC—HUD’s Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard
Control
APPENDIX E—GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Abatement—Any set of measures
designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint or lead-based paint
hazards. Abatement includes: (1) The removal of lead-based paint and
dust-lead hazards, the permanent enclosure or encapsulation of lead-based
paint, the replacement of components or fixtures painted with lead-based paint,
and the removal or permanent covering of soil-lead hazards; and (2) All
preparation, cleanup, disposal, and post-abatement clearance testing activities
associated with such measures.
Clearance examination—An activity conducted
following lead-based paint hazard reduction activities to determine that the
hazard reduction activities are complete and that no soil-lead hazards or
settled dust-lead hazards exist in the dwelling unit or worksite. The clearance process includes a visual
assessment and collection and analysis of environmental samples.
Containment—The physical measures
taken to ensure that dust and debris created or released during lead-based
paint hazard reduction are not spread, blown, or tracked from inside to outside
of the worksite.
Deteriorated paint—Any interior or exterior
paint or other coating that is peeling, chipping, chalking or cracking, or any
paint or coating located on an interior or exterior surface or fixture that is
otherwise damaged or separated from the surface to which it was applied.
Dry
sanding—Sanding
without moisture; includes both hand and machine sanding.
Elevated blood lead
level—The level at which the CDC
considers a child to be lead poisoned.
Currently, this threshold is set at 10 micrograms/liter.
Encapsulation—The application of a
covering or coating that acts as a barrier between lead-based paint and the
environment and that relies for its durability on adhesion between the
encapsulant and the painted surface, and on the integrity of the existing bonds
between paint layers and between the paint and the surface to which it was
applied.
Environmental
Health Perspectives (EHP)—A journal of the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) that presents peer-reviewed articles
focused on the impacts of the environment on human health and often includes
articles on childhood lead poisoning. EHP
is an open access journal online at http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/.
Feasibility of
implementation—This section of
the Building Blocks template estimates the ease in which a particular building
block can be implemented. This section
uses a feasibility scale that runs from low to variable to moderate to high to
very high.
Federal Lead Hazard
Disclosure law—A federal statute,
administered by HUD and EPA, that requires owners of pre-1978 housing to
disclose lead hazards to prospective tenants or buyers.
Friction surface—An interior or exterior
surface that is subject to abrasion or friction, including, but not limited to,
certain window, floor, and stair surfaces.
Hazard reduction—Measures designed to
reduce or eliminate human exposure to lead-based paint hazards through methods
including interim controls, abatement, or a combination of the two.
HEPA vacuum—A vacuum cleaner with an
included high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter through which
contaminated air flows. A HEPA filter
is one that captures at least 99.97 percent of airborne particles of at least
0.3 micrometers in diameter.
Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8)—A HUD-administered assistance program that helps
low-income families secure housing they may otherwise be unable to afford.
Impact surface—An interior or exterior
surface that is subject to damage by repeated sudden force, such as certain
parts of doorframes.
Interim controls—A set of measures
designed to temporarily reduce human exposure or likely exposure to lead-based
paint hazards. Interim controls
include, but are not limited to, repairs, painting, temporary containment,
specialized cleaning, clearance, ongoing lead-based paint maintenance
activities, and the establishment and operation of management and resident
education programs.
Key Partners—Those agencies, organizations, and individuals
who work with or should be included in a given building block strategy. They are not the main parties responsible
for implementation of a given building block.
Lead-based paint—Paint or other surface
coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligram per square
centimeter or 0.5 percent by weight.
Lead-based paint hazard—Any condition that
causes exposure to lead from lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated soil, or
lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces,
friction surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health
effects as established by the CDC or another appropriate federal agency.
Lead-based paint
inspection—A
surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint
and the provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation.
Lead-free housing—Target housing that has
been found to be free of paint or other surface coatings that contain
lead-based paint.
Lead-safe work
practices (LSWP)—A collection of
“best practices” techniques, methods, and processes which minimize the amount
of dust and debris created during remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation, or
repair of pre-1978 housing. Lead-safe
work practices help prevent the creation or exacerbation of lead-based paint
hazards.
Lead Hazard Control
Grant program—A HUD-administered
program that awards grants to cities and states to facilitate the control of
lead hazards, mainly in targeted low-income housing.
Lead
hazard evaluation—A risk assessment, a lead hazard screen, a lead-based paint
inspection, paint testing, or a combination of these to determine the presence
of lead-based paint hazards or lead-based paint in a residential building.
Lead inspector—An individual trained under a state- or
EPA-approved course to conduct official lead inspections. A lead inspector can also conduct clearance
tests after abatement and non-abatement work as well as other lead sampling,
but a lead inspector cannot perform a risk assessment. A lead inspector must attend three days of
training to be certified.
Lead sampling technician—An individual trained under an EPA-approved
course to conduct clearance testing after non-abatement work and to conduct
other dust wipe sampling. A lead
sampling technician cannot conduct a lead inspection or a risk
assessment. A lead sampling technician
must attend five and a half hours of training to be certified.
Paint stabilization—Repairing any physical
defect in the substrate of a painted surface that is causing paint
deterioration, removing loose paint and other material from the surface to be
treated, and applying a new protective coating or paint.
Paint
testing—The
process of determining, by a certified lead inspector or risk assessor, the
presence or the absence of lead-based paint on deteriorated paint surfaces or
painted surfaces to be disturbed or replaced.
Painted surface to be
disturbed—A
paint surface that is to be scraped, sanded, cut, penetrated, or otherwise
affected by rehabilitation work in a manner that could potentially create a
lead-based paint hazard by generating dust, fumes, or paint chips.
Potential for
replication—This section of the
Building Blocks Template describes the ease in which jurisdictions may be able
to implement a specific strategy described in a building block
illustration. Such potential for
replication is estimated using a standardized scale. The scale runs from low to moderate to high to very high.
Primary Actors—The main parties responsible for implementation
of a given building block strategy.
These can include public health departments, housing agencies, code
enforcement agencies, and community-based organizations, among others.
Public health department—A state, tribal, county
or municipal public health department, or the Indian Health Service.
Rehabilitation—The improvement of an
existing structure through alterations, incidental additions, or enhancements.
Rehabilitation includes repairs necessary to correct the results of deferred
maintenance, the replacement of principal fixtures and components, improvements
to increase the efficient use of energy, and installation of security devices.
Risk assessment—An on-site investigation
to determine and report the existence, nature, severity, and location of
lead-based paint hazards in residential dwellings, including: (1) Information
gathering regarding the age and history of the housing and occupancy by
children under age 6; (2) visual inspection; (3) dust wipe sampling or other
environmental sampling techniques; (4) other activity as may be appropriate;
and (5) provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation.
Risk assessor—An individual trained under a state- or
EPA-approved course to conduct risk assessments. A risk assessor may also conduct paint inspections, clearance
testing after abatement and non-abatement work, and other lead sampling. A risk assessor must attend five days of
training to be certified.
Target housing—Any housing constructed
prior to 1978, except housing for the elderly or persons with disabilities
(unless any child who is less than 6 years of age resides or is expected to
reside in such housing) or any zero-bedroom dwelling.
Visual assessment—Looking for, as
applicable: (1) Deteriorated paint; (2) visible surface dust, debris, and
residue as part of a risk assessment or clearance examination; or (3) the
completion or failure of a hazard reduction measure.
Wet sanding or wet
scraping—A
process of removing loose paint in which the painted surface to be sanded or
scraped is kept wet to minimize the dispersal of paint chips and airborne dust.
XRF device—A device that uses X-ray fluorescence technology
to determine the lead content of paint.
Official results from an XRF device can only be reported by a lead
inspector or risk assessor.
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